Class 12 Political Science Notes- Chapter 16 : RISE OF POPULAR MOVEMENT

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UNIT – 16

RISE OF POPULAR MOVEMENT

Table of Contents

VERY SHORT ANSWER (1 Mark)

(1) In which state was the Chipko Movement began?

Ans. In the early 1973, the Chipko Movement began in Uttarkhand.

(2) Who was Namdeo Dhasal?

Ans. Namdeo Dhasal is a famous Dalit Marathi Poet.

(3) Name any one of the organizations of farmers?

Ans. Bharatiya Kissan Union (BKU) is one of the famous farmers associations.

(4) Write the full of NFF.

Ans. The full form of NFF is National Fish Workers forum.

(5) In which district was the Anti-arrack’ movement started ?

Ans. The Anti-arrack movement was started in Andhra Pradesh.

(6) Name the leader of Narmada Bachao Andolan (NBA).

Ans. Medha Potkar was the leader of Narmada Bachao Andolan (NBA).

(7) Write the full form of MKSS?

Ans. The filiform of MKSS is Majdoor Krishan Shakti Sangathan.

(8) When did the right to information movement start?

Ans. Right to information movement started in 1990, when a mass based organization called MKSS in Rajasthan took the initiative in demanding records of famine relief work and accounts of labours.

(9) What was the ideology of Dalit Panther?

Ans. The ideologies of Dalit Panther are to destroy the caste system.

(10) Who is the leader of Bharatiya Kissan Union?

Ans. Mahendra Singh Tikait is the leader of Bharatiya Kissan Union.

(11) Mention one feature of Chipko Movement?

Ans. The Chipko Movement was an environmental movement which demanded that the local communities should have right for effective control over natural resources.

(12) Which organization started the movement for Right to Information?

Ans. Right to information movement was started by Majdoor Kishan Shakti Sangathan (MKSS)

(13) Which amendments granted reservation to women in political affairs?

Ans. The 73^rd and 74^th constitutional amendments have granted the reservation to women is political affairs.

(14) In which year All India Kissan Sabha was established?

Ans. All India

(15) What does POW stand for?

Ans. POW Stand For.

(16) How many times the auctions in Enrollee district were postponed?

Ans. The auction in Enrollee district were postponed for seventeen (17) times.

(17) Say True or False:

(a) The trade union movement is related to some social conflicts.

Ans. False

(b) Peasants movement is party based movement.

Ans. False

Ans. False

(d) Dr. BR Ambedkar belonged to Dalit Communities?

Ans. True.

(e) The constitution of India abolished the practice of untouchability.

Ans. True.

(f) Mr. Yudhveer Singh was the chief of the Bharatiya Kishan Union.

Ans. False

(g) Women were the worst sufferers of the ill effects of alcohol.

Ans. True.

(h) Right to information came into effect from June, 2005.

Ans. True.

(i) The Chipko movement was an environment to prevent cutting down of trees.

Ans. True.

(j) The anti-arrack movement consider as a women’s movement.

Ans. True.

18. In which year All India Kissan Sabha was established?

Ans. In 1980

19. Who is the leader of Bharatiya Kissan Union?

Ans. Mahendra Singh Tikait

20. To which State Shetkari Sanghatana Belongs?

Ans. Maharashtra.

21. Who lead the Narmada Bachao Andolan?

Ans. Medha Potkar

22. When did farmer’s movement start in India?

Ans. In 1970’s

23. What is Chipko Movement?

Ans. Environment movement

24. What is Narmada Bachao Andolan?

Ans. Protest against construction of big dam on Narmada River.

25. Fill in the blanks:

(a) Chipko movement was started in _________.

Ans. Chameli district of Uttarkhand

(b) Sardar Sarover Dam is built on _________ River.

Ans. Narmada River

Ans. 2005

Class 12 Political Science Notes (for 2020-21 exam) -CBSE and AHSEC

VERY SHORT ANSWER (2 Mark)

1. Where and when Dalit Panthers were formed?

Ans. In 1972, Maharashtra a part of assertions for Dalit rights, Dalit Panthers, a militant organization of the Dalit youth was formed.

2. What was the main demand of Dalit Panthers? [2013]

Ans. The main demand of Dalit Panther were :

Effective implementation of politicizes of reservations.
Effective law to stop and end the atricuties and discrimination against dalits.

3. Why did the Chipko movement began? [2013]

Ans. Chipko Movement was an environmental movement which began because the forest department refused permission to the villagers to fell ash trees for making agricultural goods while they allotted the land to a sport manufacturer for commercial use. This enraged the villagers and thus started the agitation.

4. Who wrote the poem on Dalit? What does the poem signify?

Ans. The poet on Dalit were written by Marathi Dalit poet Namdeo Dhal.

The poem signifies the anguish the Dalits continued to suffer after independence but also the hope of a better future as visioned by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.

5. What was the novel aspect of the Chipko movement?

Ans. The novel aspect of Chipko Movement was to protect environment by preventing trees from being cut down. The movement opposed forest exploiting contact given to outsiders.

6. Why did the cash crop market face a crisis?

Ans. The cash crops market faced a crisis due to the liberalization programme of the government in the mid eighties.

7. Write the names of two organizations of farmers?

Ans. The two famous organizations of farmers are Shetkari Sanghatana of Maharashtra and Rayata Sangh of Karnataka.

8. What is Sardar Sarovar Project?

Ans. The Sardar Sarovar Project is a multipurpose mega scale dam which would ensure matter for various purposes and would benefit the huge areas of Gujarat and three adjoining states, in terms of availability of drinking water and for irrigation and so on.

9. What is Narmada Bachao Andolan?

Ans. The Narmada Bachao Andolan headed by Medha Potkar is a sustained agitation for more than twenty years against the construction of big dams, to be constructed on the Narmada River and its tributaries. It opposed the dam projects because it would lead to the displacements of several lakhs of people.

10. Name some of the party based movements?

Ans. Some party based movements are –

The Anti caste Movement.
The Kishan Sabhas and the trade union movement.

11. Which movement was emerging in south parallel to BKU in the north and why?

Ans. Parallel to the BKU in the north the Anti Arrack Movement was developing in the south in the state of Andhra Pradesh. This movement was against the sale of arrack and the harmful effects of it on women.

12. What is meant by Popular Movement?

Ans. Popular Movement are those movements which are a kind of new social movement or political where men and women agitated or protest for the assertion of certain right and demand.

13. Explain the party based and non-party based movement.

Ans. The party based movement had no formal participation in election. But they were linked with political parties as many individual and related organizations were closed linked with political parties. For Example – The Anti-caste movement, the Kisan Sabhas and the trade union movement.

The Non-party based movement refers to those movements which are led by voluntary organizations. Non-party based movements remain outside party politics. For examples – Student Movement.

14. What do you know about Bharatiya Kisan Union?

Ans. In 1980’s the Bharatiya Kisan Union was a leading farmer’s organization. The Bharatiya Kisan Union led a very disciplined agitation of the farmers. The Union protested against the increasment of electricity rates. The Union demanded for increasing government support prices for sugarcane and wheat. The Union demanded supply of electricity at reasonable price. The Union also demanded waiving of repayments of loan to the farmers.

15. What issues did the Dalit Panthers address?

Ans. Dalit Panthers a militant organization representing the Dalit youth was formed in 1972. Dalit Panthers fought against the perpetual Caste based inequalities and material faced by Dalit people. Dalit Panthers demanded effective implementation of reservations and other constitutional guarantees of social justice. Dalit Panthers protested firmly the social oppression and violence against the Dalit.

16. Which movement was emerging in south parallel to BKU in the North and why?

17. What issues did the Dalit Panthers address?

Ans. Dalit Panthers a militant organization representing the Dalit youth was formed in 1972. Dalit Panthers fought against the perpetual Caste based inequalities and material faced by Dalit people. Dalit Panthers demanded effective implementation of reservations and other constitutional guarantees of social justice. Dalit Panthers protested firmly the social oppression and violence against the Dalit.

18. What do you know about Bharatiya Kisan Union?

Ans. Bharatiya Kisan Union (BKU) was established in 1980. It was mainly active in Punjab and Uttarpradesh. It was led by Mahendra Singh Tikait.

19. What do you know about Adidharama Movement?

Ans. The Anti-arrack movement was mainly a woman’s movement participated and organized by woman of Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh.

20. List two depends put forward by BKU?

Ans. Two demands of B.K.U.

Increasing the government support prices for sugarcane and wheat.
Waiving of repayments of loan to farmers.

21. Write a note a women’s social status?

Ans. Women social status in India are not as equal as with the men. The women suffered economic and social deprivation for many years. They were denied equal rights in social and economic sphere.

22. What was the Anti-Arrack Movement?

Ans. Same as Ans of Q. No. 7

23. Fill in the blanks:

(a) A movement called ________ Protested against building of _______ dam on river Narmada.

Ans. Narmada Bachao Andolan, Big dam

(b) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar belonged to ________ ________.

Ans. Dalit community

Ans. Abolishes, untouchability.

(d) The Chipko movement was an _______ ________ to present cutting down of trees.

Ans. Environment

(e) The anti-arrack movement consider as a ________ ________.

Ans. Woman movement

LONG ANSWER (4 Marks)

1. Why did Dalit Panthers resort to mass action?

Ans. The Dalit Panthers resorted to mass action for the assertion of Dalit Rights and against discrimination like –

Discrimination in case of water sharing which was denied to them even after so many years of independence.
Dalit women were dishonoured and abused and worst of all.
Dalits faced collective atrocities over minor, symbolic issues of caste pride.
Legal Mechanism proved inadequate to stop the economic and social oppression of Dalits.

2. List the demands put forward by BKU.

Ans. The BKU was one of the leading organizations in the farmer’s movement of the eighties. The BKU demanded –

Higher government floor prices for sugarcane and wheat.
Abolition of restrictions on the inter-state movement of form produces.
Guaranteed supply of electricity at reasonable rates.
Waiving of repayments due to loans to farmers.
The provision of a government pension for farmers.

Similar demands were made by other farmer’s organizations in the country. For example Shetkari Sanghatana of Maharashtra declared the farmers movement as a war of Bharat.

3. What were the demands for the Chipko Movement?

Ans. The Chipko Movement is an environmental Movement, which main demands are liked manner –

No forest exploiting contracts should be given to outsiders.
Local communities should have effective control over natural resources like land, water and forest.
Government should provide low cost materials to small industries and ensure development of the region without disturbing the ecological balance.
The movement raises economic issues of landless forest workers and demands for guarantees of minimum wage.

4. In what ways social movements raised various issues about the model of economic development of India at the time of Independent?

Ans. Social movements raised various issues about the model of economic development that India had adopted at the time of independence such as –

Chipko Movement brought out the issues of ecological depletion.
The Bharatiya Kishan Union farmer’s organization complained against the neglect of agricultural sector.
Dalits led their struggle against the social and economic exploitation and deprivation.
Anti-Arrack Movement focused on the negative fallouts of what was considered development.
Displacement caused by large development projects like Sardar Sarovar Project and Narmada Bachao Andolan.

5. Identify the reasons which led to the Chipko Movement in UP in early 1970s. What was the impact of this movement?

Ans. The forest department refused permission to the villagers of Uttar Pradesh to fell ash trees for making agriculture tools. But the forest department gave permission to a sports manufacturer to fell ash trees for commercial purposes. The villagers protested against this action of forest department. This protest spread across many parts of Uttarkhand region of Uttar Pradesh.

These movements had great impact. The government banned the felling of trees for fifteen years. The Chipko movement became a symbol of many popular Social movements in India. This movements inspired people to raise voices against injustice and exploitation.

VERY LONG ANSWER (6 Marks)

1. Why did Narmada Bachao Andolan oppose the dam projects in the Narmada Valley?

Ans. Narmada Bachao Andolan, a movement to save Narmada, opposed the construction of the mega dams and questioned the nature of ongoing development projects in the country. The NBA opposed the dam projects in the Narmada valley because of following reason –

It would destroy the ecological habitual of that particular area.
The project would lead to large scale displacement of people around that belt.
There would be a serious loss of their livelihood and cultural and depletion of ecological resources.
There would be social implications of this project like the social cost of rehabilitation of the project affected people.
The NBA opposed the dam project also because it saw that in the name of national development, few people had to sacrifice.

2. What was the Narmada Bachao Andolan? What was the criticism against it? [2013]

Ans. The Narmada Bachao Andolan was a type of social movement headed by Medha Potkar which sustained agitation for more than twenty years against the construction of big dams, to be constructed on the Narmada River and its tributaries. It opposed the dam projects because it would lead to the displacement of several lakhs of people. It raised the issues about the relocations and rehabilitation of project affected people.

The NBA also not free from criticism, many criticisms can be citied against NBA. These are like –

It was criticized by many as abstracting the process of development.
It was criticized on the point that it denied the access of water.
It is said to have been hindering the nation’s economic development and by doing this, it was hampering many to become developed.
It stands as an obstacle in many more subsidiary benefits like effective flood and drought control in the region were linked it.

3. Mention main features of Non-Political Movements?

Ans. Non party political movements are the voluntary organizations with constructive programmes among rural poor. Main features of non-political movement are –

These organizations chose to remain outside party politics.
They did not contest elections at the local or regional level nor did they support any one political party.
Most of these groups believed in politics and wanted to participate in it, but not through political parties.
These movements hoped that direct participation by people will reform the nature of democratic government.
Non-party political movements also hoped that direct and active participation by local groups of citizens would be more effective in resolving local issues than the political parties.
In recent times, they have been funded by external agencies; due to this local initiative have weakened as a result of large scale funding.

Such non-party political movement still continues their work in rural and urban areas.

4. What do you understand by social movement? Distinguish between social movement and political movement.

Ans. Social movements are directed towards the achievement of since specific goals. Such movements are organized to bring some changes or to protest against some wrong policy of government. It often arises with the aim of bringing about changes on a public issue. Most of the social movements emerged as a corrective to new social maladies like environment degradation, violation of status of women destruction of tribal cultures and violation of human rights.

Social Movement and Political Movement are differ from each other. Their differences can be mentioned like following –

Social Movements are basically non-institutional, deliberate and collective effort to express various demands on the issues of economic and social injustices. Political Movement are basically referred to party movement which aims to bring political change.
Social Movement aims to bringing changes in the society whereas political movements have got political backing and tries to bring some change.
The basic aim of a political movement is to transform the society which can ensure equality, justice and development.

5. What do you mean by B.K.U? What were their main demands? Which activities did they adopt for success?

Ans. B.K.U means Bharatiya Kishan Union. It was established in 1980’s to protect the interest of the farmers. The main demands of Bharatiya Kishan Union –

Higher government floor price for sugarcane and wheat.
Abolition of restrictions on the inter-state movement of firm product.
Guaranteed supply of electricity at reasonable costs.
Waiving of repayments due to loans to farmers.
The provisions of a government pension for farmers.

6. Explain the concept of Non-Party Movements.

Ans. Non-Party political formations are the voluntary organizations with constructive programme among rural poor.

These organizations chose to remain outside party politics.
They did not contest elections at the local or regional level nor did they support any one political party.
Most of these groups believed in politics and wanted to participate in it, but not through political parties.
These formations hoped that direct and active participation by local groups or citizens would be more effective in resolving local issues then the political parties.

7. Write a note on Anti-liquor Movement.

Ans. A movement had taken place when women had come out in large numbers in Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh to picket liquor vendors and demand prohibition of sale of liquor (arrack). It was a spontaneous mobilization of women demanding a ban on the sale of alcohol in their neighborhoods. Anti-liquor movements have continued to erupt from time to time in different parts.

8. State two arguments in favour of popular movements and also two arguments against popular movements.

Argument in favour of Popular movements

Ans. (a) Popular movements ensured effective representation of diverse groups and their demands. The reduced the possibility of deep social conflict and dissatisfaction of these groups from democracy.

(b) Besides, popular movements suggested new forms of active participation and broadened the idea of participation in Indian democracy, e.g., Anti-Arrack movement and “Dalit Panthers Movement”.

Arguments Against Popular Movements

(a) Critics of these movements often argue that collective actions like strikes, sit-ins and rallies disrupt the functioning of the government, delay decision making and destabilize the routines of democracy.

(b) Democratic politics requires a broad alliance of various disadvantaged social groups. Such as alliance does not seem to be shaping under the leadership of these movements

Santosh Kumar Sah

My name is Santosh Kumar Sah. I am a CA-Finalist as well as a faculty at Dynamic Tutorials and Services. I reside in Tinsukia (ASSAM). I have more than 5 years of experience in teaching. I have written “Alternative English Guide Book for Class 12 -AHSEC” And ” English Guide Book For Class 12-AHSEC”.I love writing that is why i created this blog to help students by providing notes.